3.02 League of Nations

1935 Abyssinian Crisis

Background

  • Abyssinia no longer exists; itโ€™s now ๐Ÿ‡ช๐Ÿ‡น Ethiopia

  • after the 1932 Disarmament Conference
  • literally No One takes disarmament seriously
  • ๐Ÿ‡ฌ๐Ÿ‡ง Britain and ๐Ÿ‡ซ๐Ÿ‡ท France are still divided on ๐Ÿ‡ฉ๐Ÿ‡ช Germany
  • by 1933, many British felt that the Treaty of Versailles was unfair
    • in response, the British signed an agreement with Germany allowing Germany to maintain a navy โ›ด as long as it was always under 35% of British naval capacity
      • this is a SERIOUS breach of the ToV covenant
  • every country for itself!

Actual Incident

  • ๐Ÿ‡ฎ๐Ÿ‡น Italy is still haunted by its 1896 defeat at Abyssinia
    • in 1896, Italy tried to invade Abyssinia but was ultimately defeated
    • ๐Ÿ‘ค Mussolini wants Revenge, Resources and Glory, in no particular order
  • 1934: a Dispute between Italian and Abyssinian soldiers
    • Mussolini demands an apology and prepares for invasion
  • 1936: Abyssinian Emperor ๐Ÿ‘ค Haile Selassie appeals to the League for help
  • the ๐Ÿ‡ฌ๐Ÿ‡ง British and ๐Ÿ‡ฌ๐Ÿ‡ง French are desperate to be on good terms with ๐Ÿ‘ค Mussolini because they need Italy to go against ๐Ÿ‘ค Hitler (Stresa Pact)
    • sanctions failed.
    • one of the only ways in/out of Abyssinia was the Suez Canal, which the British and French ruled
      • they couldโ€™ve just shut it off and stopped Italy but they didnโ€™t.
      • they had secret meetings (1935 Hoare-Laval Pact)
  • Mussolini had his way
    • ๐Ÿ‘ค Hitler would learn about this and use it to his advantage

Aftermath

  • Committeeโ€™s report submitted 8 months after incident
  • League was slow to react. Every week they didnโ€™t make a decision โ†’ Mussolini built up his resources
  • League eventually banned arms, loans, rubber, tin, metal exports to Italy but ==delayed oil sanctions by 2 months==.
  • Suez Canal wasn't closed
    • couldโ€™ve ended the conflict quickly