Term 2 Formative Assessment

Section A: Source-Based Questions

1. Gone through in class.
2. The message conveyed by Source B is that Singapore would suffer without the merger with Malaya. This can be seen in “Singapore would not be able to survive”, referring to the economic benefits, brought about by having Malaya as a hinterland. It can also be seen in “Your livelihood will get worse. You will not be able to find jobs.”, telling Singaporeans that the best way to ensure their livelihood and economic well-being – as well as the country’s as a whole – is to merge with Malaya.
   1. a message → more deliberate, more targeted
   2. e.g. anti smoking campaign poster → who’s the audience? what’s the message you want to send across? what’s the OUTCOME?
   3. focus on main message; right now is the sub-message LINKING to the main message
   4. message cannot be quoted
3. The purpose of Source C is to discourage the merger between Singapore and the Federation of Malaya. The audience of Source C is the people of Singapore, and the source is trying to tell them that a merger with Malaya would bring nothing but trouble. A crowd of people rioting can be seen on Lee Kuan Yew’s side of the poster (right, representing Singapore), suggesting that the Barisan Sosialis believe that unrest and riots will break out if Singapore merges with Malaysia. There are also very anti-Malayan statements written on the poster, such as “Malaysia brings unemployment and starvation to the people” and “Being sacked from your job”. These statements are a contrast to Lee Kuan Yew’s promises of a merger with Malaya bringing greater economic prosperity to Singapore, and intended to evoke fear and anti-merger sentiments within Singaporeans. The creators of Source C, the Barisan Sosiali — a direct left-wing competitor with the PAP formed by the PAP’s former expelled members — want the people of Singapore to disagree with the merger.
   1. missing Purpose → convince the people of singapore
   2. FORMATTING
   3. malay → people, malaya → country
   4. Disagree should be oppose
      1. action or feeling creator wants, mainly action
4. Sources D and E discuss the differences in why each country supported the Singapore-Malaya merger. Source D states that “With merger, we can keep an eye on the communist and keep Malaya free from the threats that they pose”. This tells me that Malaya’s main benefit from the merger is security, namely keeping communists out of Malaya. This was particularly important as the Malayan Emergenc, a bloody conflict between the State and communists, had just ended in 1960, a year before merger. Source E states that “Without co-operation and a common market between Singapore and the Federation, there can be little hope of expansion and industrialization which will bring more factories and more jobs to the people of Singapore.” This tells me that Singapore’s main benefit from merger was economic. The merger would allow for a common market between Malaya and Singapore, stimulating trade between the two countries and boosting Singapore’s post-war economy. Therefore, Sources D and E discuss the differences in why each country supported the Singapore-Malaya merger.
   1. signpost Comparing and Contrasting → memorise the format

Sources D and E are similar in discussing how both Malaya and Singapore want a merger. Source D states that “The only course open to u would be to accept Singapore as a member of the Federation of Malaya.”. This tells me that Malaya is willing to merge with Singapore. Source E states that “Singapore will soon be united with the mainland of the Federation of Malaya.”. This tells me that Singapore is open to a merger with Malaya. Therefore, Sources D and E are similar in discussing how both Malaya and Singapore want a merger.

Section B: Recall & Short-Answer Questions

5a. Rationing 5b. Kempeitai 5c. Military 6. Both external and internal developments contributed greatly to constitutional changes in Singapore after the war. These developments included Malaya gaining independence from the British, China becoming a communist state and the rise of political consciousness among the people of Singapore post-Japanese Occupation.

One internal development was the Japanese’s efforts in promoting Asia for the Asians and cultivating an ‘Asian consciousness’ among the people of Singapore led to a rise in political consciousness in the people of Singapore post-Japanese Occupation. The people of Singapore wanted a say in how their country was run and who was running the country. They were no longer content with letting the British decide everything for them the way the British had pre-World War II. This newfound political consciousness prompted the creation of the Rendel Commission, created by the British to recommend changes to Singapore’s constitution to give it more indepdendence.

• why did they want the rendel commission? british acknowledged this and introduced the commission to keep the support of the people

Another development contributing to changes in Singapore’s constitution after the war was China becoming a communist state. Many Chinese businessmen who had made a living and home for themselves in Singapore were unable to return to China. Under the communist ideology, everyone is equal and receives resources based on their needs, which are determined by the state. There is no free market. As such, the wealth these businessmen had amassed in Singapore would have been either seized or useless in their homeland China. Many of them opted to stay in Singapore instead, and wanted to put down permanent roots here. This led to a constitutional change allowing for Singaporean citizenship, better known as the Citizenship Ordinance of 1957. Therefore, another development contributing to changes in Singapore’s constitution was China becoming a communist state.

• wanted to maintain support of the people

One external development contributing to changes in Singapore’s constitution was Malaya gaining independence from the British in 1957. This gave Singaporeans hope that they could one day achieve independence from the British too.%% Three bipartisan delegations from Singapore were sent to London to negotiate a new constitution allowing for full internal self-government of Singapore from as early as 1956. These negotiations were known as the ‘Merdeka Talks’, and would continue until Singapore achieved internal self-government in 1959.-→ The British were concerned Singapore would not be able to survive on its own as a small country with little natural resources. Thus, they did not allow Singapore to be an independent nation-state until Malaya gained independence and formed the Federation of Malaya. Even then, Singapore did not gain independence from the British until 1963, when it merged with the Federation of Malaya. Along the way, many constitutional changes were made to allow Singapore to achieve internal self-government in 1959, and even more to allow Singapore to gain independence. Thus, one more development contributing to changes in Singapore’s constitution was Malaya gaining independence.

• DON’T write conclusion/introduction
• one internal one external